Three Rhetorical Moves in "Introduction"

There are three key moves in "Introduction" according to Swales (1990; 2004). Each move has its own rhetorical function. The steps a writer can take to fulfill each move are listed below.

Learning Objectives & Strategies:
Understand the concept of the 3 rhetorical moves.
1. Pay attention to the steps each move does. Imagine what you XXmight do applying these steps.
2. When ready, look at examples by following the link for each XXmove.

 (1) Move 1: Establish a territory [citations required] VIA

XXXStep 1. Topic generalizations of increasing specificity

XXXXWhere: Usually in the first few paragraphs in an introduction

 (2) Move 2: Establish a niche VIA

XXXStep 1A. Indicating a gap OR

XXXXStep 1B. Adding to what is known;

XXXXStep 2. [optional] Presenting positive justification

XXXWhere: Usually in the middle paragraphs in an introduction

 (3) Move 3: Present the present work [citations possible] VIA

XXXStep 1. Aannouncing present research descriptively and/or purposively

XXXXStep 2. [optional] presenting RQs or hypotheses

XXXXStep 3. [optional] definitional clarifications

XXXXStep 4. [optional] summarizing methods

XXXXStep 5. [optional] announcing principal outcomes

XXXXStep 6. [optional] stating the value of the present research

XXXXS7. [optional] outlining the structure of the paper

XXXXWhere: Usually in the final few paragraphs in an introduction