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There are a number of factors which influence language learning. Recently, in
the light of many studies on successful and unsuccessful learners, language
research has focused more on the role of the learners in the process. Brown
(1994) states that motivation is the difference between success and failure. For
this reason, motivation plays a crucial role in language learning. The main
purpose of this article is to discuss motivation with reference to two types of
dichotomy: integrative/instrumental and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, in terms
of a literature review and introspection into the Taiwaness English learning
situation. There is no single condition for defining motivation to learn a
language; however, describing the behaviour shown by the learner involves a wide
range of factors (Ho, 1998). In the past four decades, the social psychological
approach has been the major approach to describe the role of motivation in SL
learning. The best-know and the most significant studies of motivation in second
language learning under the social-psychological tradition have been carried out
by Gardner and Lamber and their associates in Canada since the 1950s. Gardner
and Lambert have extensively studied foreign language learners in Canada,
several parts of the United States and the Philippines in order to determine how
attitudial and motivation factors influence. Indeed, it is believed that
students who do not have a powerful intrinsic motivation to learn can be helped
by extrinsic motivation in the form of rewards. However, the important point is
that extrinsic motivation is effective for just a brief period of time, unless
it produces intrinsic motivation. Continuing to use extrinsic rewards reduces
the likelihood oflearning. Thus, something needs to be done to turn the school
toward an intrinsically oriented direction. The examination-oriented educational
system needs to be changed. Recently, the authority concerned has open diverse
channels for school admission. Thisaims to release the pressure of the entrance
examination. It is hoped that this measure can be a first step to direct English
teaching to include student-centered learning and give students more choice for
their learning. Education should offer students the opportunity to feel that
learning itself is ecactly a kind of reward. Only byfreeing students from the
control of external rewards and punishments can they develop the autonomy of
self-reward. Through this way, English is not only a subject anymore; instead,
it is another way to fulfill self-actualisation.
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